| Internet history in a nutshell | [Lesson plans] | |||
| 1969 | Four university computers were networked as the first four nodes of Arpanet, a Pentagon project designed for high-level remote sharing of computer facilities. | Life without a graphical interface: Before Windows, before hypertext, before Web browsers, computer screens looked something like this, only worse. | ||
| 1970s | Computer scientists started email, and the first mailing list (one message to many) and the Usenet newsgroups (discussion groups). | Meanwhile, outside the Internet ... | ||
| 1980-1982 | The
term Internet was adopted along with global communication standard (TCP/IP). 1982 - 213 nodes |
MS-DOS | the PHONE MODEM made bulletin boards (BBS) possible. Users dialed up to central computers: groups, libraries, banks, info services, etc. with messages and files. | |
| 1980s | In Europe, Berners-Lee and Cailliau viewed incompatibilities of Internet platforms and tools intolerable. In 1990, they started a hypertext project. | CompuServe, AOL, and Prodigy, big bulletin boards, were called Online Services. They used their own computers, and their own software, to serve their own customers. | ||
| 1990-1992 |  Hypertext
opens the World Wide Web. Spry Mosaic introduced as the first
web browser.1992 - 1,140,000 nodes |
Windows 3.1 |
 |
To let their customers access the Web, the Online Service Providers also became Internet Service Providers (ISPs). |
| 1995 | 1995 - 7 million nodes |
Windows 95 |
||
| 2000 | 2000
- 94 million nodes ISPs, North America - 9,600 |
Windows 98 etc. | ||
 |
| Internet Protocols are rules for communication. Standard Internet Service Providers use the standard Internet protocols, for example ... | Online Service Providers use proprietary software. Their services, notably email, are not bound by Internet protocols. | ||
| Historical | Now also | ||
| Communication | TCP/IP | ||
| POP3/SMTP | HTTP (web) | ||
| Newsgroups | NNTP | HTTP (web) | |
| File transfer | FTP | HTTP (web) | |
| Web | HTTP | ||